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# 2. Building the Memory Pool System

## 2.1. Introduction

This document describes the various ways in which you can build the MPS, its libraries, and the tests and tools that come with it.

You may be building the MPS for a number of different purposes.

## 2.2. Getting hold of the MPS Kit

Download the latest MPS Kit release from http://www.ravenbrook.com/project/mps/release/.

## 2.3. Compiling the MPS for your project

It is easy to compile the MPS. You can do it separately, or include the source in your own project’s build system. This section describes compilation in terms of command lines, but you can equally add the files to a project in an IDE.

The MPS also comes with Makefiles and IDE project files for building libraries, tools, and tests. See “Building the MPS for development”.

### 2.3.1. Compiling for production

In the simplest case, you can compile the MPS to an object file with just:

    cc -c mps.c           (Unix/Mac OS X)
    cl /c mps.c           (Windows)

This will build a “hot” variety (for production) object file for use with `mps.h`. You can greatly improve performance by allowing global optimization, for example:

    cc -O2 -c mps.c       (Unix/Mac OS X)
    cl /O2 /c mps.c       (Windows)

### 2.3.2. Compiling for debugging

You can get a “cool” variety MPS (with more internal checking, for debugging and development) with:

    cc -g -DCONFIG_VAR_COOL -c mps.c    (Unix/Mac OS X)
    cl /Zi /DCONFIG_VAR_COOL /c mps.c   (Windows)

### 2.3.3. Optimizing for your object format

If you are using your own object format, you will also get improved performance by allowing the compiler to do global optimizations between it and the MPS. So if your format implementation is in, say, `myformat.c`, then you could make a file `mymps.c` containing:

    #include "mps.c"
    #include "myformat.c"

then:

    cc -O2 -c mymps.c     (Unix/Mac OS X)
    cl /O2 /c mymps.c     (Windows)

This will get your format code inlined with the MPS garbage collector.

### 2.3.4. Compiling without the C library

If you’re building the MPS for an environment without the standard C library, you can exclude the plinth component of the MPS with:

    cc -DCONFIG_PLINTH_NONE -c mps.c
    cl /Gs /DCONFIG_PLINTH_NONE /c mps.c

but you must then provide your own implementation of `mpslib.h`. You can base this on the ANSI plinth in `mpsliban.c`.

If you want to do anything beyond these simple cases, use the MPS build as described in the section “Building the MPS for development” below.

## 2.4. Building the MPS for development

If you’re making modifications to the MPS itself, want to build MPS libraries for linking, or want to build MPS tests and tools, you should use the MPS build. This uses makefiles or Xcode projects. [Coming soon, Microsoft Visual Studio solutions.]

### 2.4.1. Prerequisites

For Unix-like platforms you will need the GNU Make tool. Some platforms (such as Linux) have GNU Make as their default make tool. For others you will need to get and install it. (It’s available free from ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/.) On FreeBSD this can be done as root with `pkg_add -r gmake`.

On Windows platforms the NMAKE tool is used. This comes with Microsoft Visual Studio C++ or the Microsoft Windows SDK.

On Mac OS X the MPS is built using Xcode, either by opening `mps.xcodeproj` with the Xcode app, or using the command-line “xcodebuild” tool, installed from Xcode → Preferences → Downloads → Components → Command Line Tools.

### 2.4.2. Platforms

The MPS uses a six-character platform code to express a combination of operating system, CPU architecture, and compiler toolchain. Each six-character code breaks down into three pairs of characters, like this:

    OSARCT

Where `OS` denotes the operating system, `AR` the CPU architecture, and `CT` the compiler toolchain. Here are the platforms that we have regular access to and on which the MPS works well:

Platform | OS | Architecture | Compiler | Makefile
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
`fri3gc` | FreeBSD | IA-32 | GCC | `fri3gc.gmk`
`fri6gc` | FreeBSD | x86_64 | GCC | `fri6gc.gmk`
`lii3gc` | Linux | IA-32 | GCC | `lii3gc.gmk`
`lii6gc` | Linux | x86_64 | GCC | `lii6gc.gmk`
`xci3ll` | Mac OS X | IA-32 | Clang | `mps.xcodeproj`
`xci6ll` | Mac OS X | x86_64 | Clang | `mps.xcodeproj`
`xci3gc` | Mac OS X | IA-32 | GCC (legacy) | `xci3gc.gmk`
`w3i3mv` | Windows | IA-32 | Microsoft C | `w3i3mv.nmk`
`w3i6mv` | Windows | x86_64 | Microsoft C | `w3i6mv.nmk`

Historically, the MPS worked on a much wider variety of platforms, and still could: IRIX, OSF/1 (Tru64), Solaris, SunOS, Classic Mac OS; MIPS, PowerPC, ALPHA, SPARC v8, SPARC v9; Metrowerks Codewarrior, SunPro C, Digital C, EGCS. If you are interested in support on any of these platforms or any new platforms, please contact Ravenbrook at mps-questions@ravenbrook.com.

### 2.4.3. Running make

To build all MPS targets on Unix-like platforms, change to the `code` directory and run the command:

    make -f <makefile>

where `make` is the command for GNU Make. (Sometimes this will be `gmake` or `gnumake`.)

To build just one target, run:

    make -f <makefile> <target>

To build a restricted set of targets for just one variety, run:

    make -f <makefile> 'VARIETY=<variety>' <target>

For example, to build just the “cool” variety of the `amcss` test on FreeBSD:

    gmake -f fri3gc.gmk VARIETY=cool amcss

On Windows platforms you need to run the “Visual Studio Command Prompt” from the Start menu. Then run one of these commands:

    nmake /f w3i3mv.nmk         (32-bit)
    nmake /f w3i6mv.nmk         (64-bit)

You will need to switch your build environment between 32-bit and 64-bit using Microsoft’s `setenv` command, for example, `setenv /x86` or `setenv /x64`.

To build just one target, run the command:

    nmake /f w3i3mv.nmk <target>

On Mac OS X, you can build from the command line with:

    xcodebuild

On most platforms, the output of the build goes to a directory named after the platform (e.g. `fri3gc`) so that you can share the source tree across platforms. On Mac OS X the output goes in a directory called `xc`. Building generates `mps.a` or `mps.lib` or equivalent, a library of object code which you can link with your application, subject to the MPS licensing conditions. It also generates a number of test programs, such as `amcss` (a stress test for the Automatic Mostly-Copying pool class) and tools such as `mpseventcnv` (for decoding telemetry logs).

## 2.5. Installing the Memory Pool System

Unix-like platforms can use the GNU Autoconf `configure` script in the root directory of the MPS Kit to generate a Makefile that can build and install the MPS. For example:

    ./configure --prefix=/opt/mps
    make install

will install the MPS public headers in `/opt/mps/include`, the libraries in `/opt/mps/lib` etc.

There is currently no automatic way to “install” the MPS on Windows.

On any platform, you can install by copying the libraries built by the make to, for example, `/usr/local/lib`, and all the headers beginning with `mps` to `/usr/local/include`.

Note, however, that you may get better performance by using the method described in the section “Optimizing for your object format” above.

### 2.5.1. mpseventsql

The MPS Kit can build a command-line program `mpseventsql` that loads a diagnostic stream of events into a SQLite3 database for processing. In order to build this program, you need to install the SQLite3 development resources.

On Mac OS X, SQLite3 is pre-installed, so this tool builds by default.

On Linux, you need to install the `libsqlite3-dev` package:

    apt-get install libsqlite3-dev

and then re-run `./configure` and `make` as described above.

On Windows, you should visit the SQLite Download Page and download the `sqlite-amalgamation` ZIP archive. (At time of writing this is the first download on the page.) When you unzip the archive, you’ll find it contains files named `sqlite3.c` and `sqlite3.h`. Copy these two files into the `code` directory in the MPS Kit. Then in the “Visual Studio Command Prompt”, visit the `code` directory and run the command:

    nmake /f w3i3mv.nmk mpseventsql.exe

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